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I Gusti Ngurah Putu Wijaya (born April 11, 1944), better known simply as Putu Wijaya, was born in Tabanan, Bali. He is an Indonesian author, considered by many to be one of Indonesia's most prominent literary figures.〔 His output is impressive; his published works include more than thirty novels, forty dramas, a hundred short stories, and thousands of essays, articles, screenplays and television dramas, and he has been the recipient of a number of literary prizes.〔 Since 1971 he has led the Teater Mandiri, widely regarded as Indonesia's foremost theater collective,〔 where his philosophy of creating a ''tontonan'' (spectacle) helps to establish a dialogue between author and audience.〔 The first play staged by Teater Mandiri was ''Aduh'', which was performed at the Taman Ismail Marzuki performing arts center in 1973. Written by Putu in 1972, the play tells the story of how a group of people react to the intrusion of a stranger into their lives.〔 The stranger is dying but instead of helping him they keep questioning him and arguing among themselves until, finally, he dies.〔 In 2011, as part of its 40th anniversary celebration, ''Aduh'' was included in a trilogy staged by the Teater Mandiri.〔 Presented under the title ''Trik'' (Trick), the three plays are all well-known works by Putu Wijaya: ''Apakah kita sudah merdeka?'' (Are we free yet?), ''Aduh'' and ''Setan'' (Devil).〔 In 2010, his works took center stage when 28 of his monologues and four of his drama pieces were presented at the second Indonesian Theater Forum in Solo (Surakarta), Central Java. His short stories often appear in the columns of the daily newspapers ''Kompas'' and ''Sinar Harapan'', and he has been called "The Father of Short Stories". His novels are also often published in the magazines ''Kartini'', ''Femina'' and ''Horison''. As a script writer, he has twice won the Citra Award at the Indonesian Film Festival, for the movies ''Perawan Desa'' (1980) and ''Kembang Kertas'' (1985).〔 He has also received recognition outside Indonesia as well. This has included fellowships to study kabuki in Japan, a residency at the University of Iowa's International Writing Program, and a Fulbright Scholarship to teach Indonesian theater at universities in the United States.〔 His writing has been translated into Japanese, Arabic and Thai as well as English.〔 Putu Wijaya continues to be a prominent figure in the promotion of Indonesian literature and culture. In 2011 he participated in the launch of the Lontar Foundation's Modern Library of Indonesia, a series of Indonesian novels translated into English. Putu Wijaya's novel ''Telegram'' was one of the first ten novels to be included in the series, and marks the first time this novel has been translated into English.〔 ==Early life== Putu Wijaya is the youngest of eight siblings (three of them from a different father). He lived in a large housing complex with around 200 people who were all members of the same extended family, and were accustomed to reading. His interest in literature came not from his immediate family but his extended family, and as a primary school student, he read classics like Anton Chekhov and William Shakespeare.〔 His father, I Gusti Ngurah Raka, was hoping for Putu to become a doctor, but Putu was weak in the natural sciences. He liked history, language and geography. As a child, he used to sneak out to see traditional dance dramas or wayang.〔 But it wasn't until high school, when he participated in a performance of Anton Chekhov's ''The Bear'', that his love for theater began.〔 Not long after he finished junior high school his first published work was published in ''Suluh Indonesia'', and several years later his work to appear in the Fajar column of the ''Mimbar Indonesia'' magazine. Within five years his essays and stories were being published in ''Minggu Pagi'' and ''Majalah Djaya''.〔 After graduating from high school, Putu Wijaya continued his tertiary education in Yogyakarta, studying at the Indonesian Fine Arts Academy and the Drama and Film Arts Academy, before graduating with a law degree from Gadjah Mada University.〔 While in Yogyakarta, he became involved in theater and performed in several theater groups including Bengkel Teater and Sanggar Bambu.〔 In 1969, his play ''Lautan Bernyanyi'' (Chanting ocean) was awarded third place in a drama-writing contest organized by the Indonesian National Theater Development Agency.〔 From Yogyakarta, Putu moved to Jakarta where he launched his literary career while working as a journalist for ''Tempo'' and ''Zaman''.〔 He retained his interest in theater and, soon after arriving in Jakarta, joined Teater Kecil and Teater Populer.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Putu Wijaya」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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